Assignments Of Class 23: Enhancing HTML with CSS

Rashmi Mishra
personRashmi Mishra
January 13, 2025
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Assignments  Of  Class 23: Enhancing HTML with CSS

Assignment 1: Styling a Simple Box Using the Box Model

Objective:
Create a simple box and apply the CSS box model to control its padding, border, and margin.

Steps:

1.   Create an HTML file with a div element.

2.   Apply CSS to style the div using the box model.

3.   Set a fixed width and height, add padding, a border, and margin.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Box Model Example</title>
    <style>
        .box {
            width: 200px;          /* Content width */
            height: 150px;         /* Content height */
            padding: 20px;         /* Padding around content */
            border: 5px solid black; /* Border around the box */
            margin: 30px;          /* Margin around the box */
            background-color: lightblue;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">This is a box.</div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The div element has a width of 200px and height of 150px for the content area.
  • Padding of 20px is applied inside the box, affecting the space around the content.
  • A border of 5px solid black surrounds the padding.
  • A margin of 30px creates space outside the box.
  • The background color is set to light blue.

Assignment 2: Center a Box Using the Box Model

Objective:
Center a box in the middle of the page using margins and padding.

Steps:

1.   Create a div container and apply a background color.

2.   Use the box model to center the box horizontally and vertically.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Centered Box</title>
    <style>
        body {
            height: 100vh;  /* Full viewport height */
            display: flex;  /* Enable flexbox */
            justify-content: center; /* Center horizontally */
            align-items: center; /* Center vertically */
            margin: 0; /* Remove default margin */
        }
 
        .box {
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: coral;
            padding: 20px;
            border: 5px solid black;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">Centered Box</div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The body uses flexbox (display: flex) to center the .box both horizontally (justify-content: center) and vertically (align-items: center).
  • The .box has a fixed width of 300px and height of 200px, with padding of 20px and a border of 5px.
  • The text inside the box is centered using text-align and line-height.

Assignment 3: Position a Box Relative to Its Normal Position

Objective:
Use relative positioning to move an element from its original position.

Steps:

1.   Create a div with some content.

2.   Apply relative positioning and move it 50px from the top and 100px from the left.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Relative Positioning</title>
    <style>
        .box {
            width: 200px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: lightgreen;
            padding: 20px;
            position: relative;
            top: 50px;
            left: 100px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">Relative Positioning</div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The .box is relatively positioned, meaning its position is adjusted from its normal position without affecting other elements.
  • The top: 50px and left: 100px properties move the box 50px down and 100px to the right.

Assignment 4: Position a Box Absolutely

Objective:
Position a div absolutely within its parent container.

Steps:

1.   Create a parent container with a div inside it.

2.   Apply absolute positioning to the child div to place it within the parent container.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Absolute Positioning</title>
    <style>
        .container {
            position: relative;
            width: 400px;
            height: 300px;
            background-color: lightgray;
        }
 
        .box {
            position: absolute;
            top: 50px;
            left: 100px;
            width: 200px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: lightcoral;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="box">Absolutely Positioned</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The .container is set to position: relative, which makes it the reference point for the absolutely positioned .box.
  • The .box is positioned absolutely, meaning it is placed 50px from the top and 100px from the left of the .container.

Assignment 5: Fixed Positioning on Scroll

Objective:
Make an element stay fixed in the viewport as the user scrolls.

Steps:

1.   Create a div and apply fixed positioning.

2.   Observe how the element stays fixed even when the page scrolls.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Fixed Positioning</title>
    <style>
        body {
            height: 2000px;  /* Create a scrollable page */
            margin: 0;
        }
 
        .fixed-box {
            position: fixed;
            top: 10px;
            right: 10px;
            width: 200px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: lightblue;
            padding: 10px;
            border: 2px solid black;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="fixed-box">I stay fixed!</div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The .fixed-box stays fixed in the viewport even as the user scrolls. It is positioned 10px from the top and 10px from the right of the viewport.
  • The height: 2000px in the body creates a long page to demonstrate scrolling.

Assignment 6: Sticky Header

Objective:
Create a sticky header that remains visible when scrolling.

Steps:

1.   Create a header and apply sticky positioning.

2.   Add content to the page to enable scrolling.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Sticky Header</title>
    <style>
        body {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
 
        header {
            position: sticky;
            top: 0;
            background-color: #333;
            color: white;
            padding: 10px;
            text-align: center;
            font-size: 24px;
        }
 
        .content {
            height: 2000px;  /* Add content to create scrolling */
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <header>Sticky Header</header>
    <div class="content">Scroll to see the sticky header in action!</div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The header element is positioned with position: sticky and stays at the top (top: 0) as you scroll down the page.
  • The content area is tall enough to make the page scrollable, so the sticky header remains visible at the top.

Assignment 7: Flexbox Layout

Objective:
Create a layout with three boxes using flexbox.

Steps:

1.   Create a parent div with three child div elements.

2.   Apply flexbox to the parent div to arrange the child boxes.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Flexbox Layout</title>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-around;
            background-color: lightgray;
            padding: 20px;
        }
 
        .box {
            width: 100px;
            height: 100px;
            background-color: coral;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 100px;
            color: white;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="box">Box 1</div>
        <div class="box">Box 2</div>
        <div class="box">Box 3</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The .container uses display: flex to enable flexbox layout.
  • The child .box elements are arranged in a row with space around them using justify-content: space-around.

Assignment 8: Grid Layout

Objective:
Create a simple grid layout with three columns.

Steps:

1.   Use CSS Grid to create a layout with three columns.

2.   Place content inside each grid item.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Grid Layout</title>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); /* 3 equal columns */
            gap: 20px;
            padding: 20px;
        }
 
        .box {
            height: 100px;
            background-color: lightblue;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 100px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="box">Column 1</div>
        <div class="box">Column 2</div>
        <div class="box">Column 3</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The .container uses CSS Grid with three equal columns (grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr)).
  • Each .box is placed inside a grid cell.

Assignment 9: Box Shadow Effect

Objective:
Apply a box shadow effect to a div element using the box model.

Steps:

1.   Create a div and apply the box shadow effect.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Box Shadow</title>
    <style>
        .box {
            width: 300px;
            height: 200px;
            background-color: lightyellow;
            margin: 50px auto;
            box-shadow: 10px 10px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="box">Box with Shadow</div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The .box has a box-shadow with an offset of 10px horizontally and 10px vertically.
  • The shadow has a blur radius of 15px and a light opacity (rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)).

Assignment 10: Responsive Design with Box Model

Objective:
Create a responsive layout where the width of the elements adjusts according to the screen size.

Steps:

1.   Create a container with a few child div elements.

2.   Use the box model and media queries to make the design responsive.

Solution:

html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Responsive Box Model</title>
    <style>
        .container {
            display: flex;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
            gap: 20px;
            padding: 20px;
        }
 
        .box {
            flex: 1;
            background-color: lightgreen;
            padding: 20px;
            text-align: center;
        }
 
        @media (max-width: 600px) {
            .box {
                flex-basis: 100%; /* Make each box take full width on small screens */
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="box">Box 1</div>
        <div class="box">Box 2</div>
        <div class="box">Box 3</div>
    </div>
</body>
</html>

Explanation:

  • The .container uses display: flex with flex-wrap: wrap to allow the items to wrap on smaller screens.
  • Each .box takes equal width using flex: 1, but on screens smaller than 600px, the flex-basis changes to 100%, making each box take up the full width.

These assignments will help students get hands-on experience with CSS box model properties, positioning techniques, flexbox, grid layouts, and responsive design. Each assignment builds on the previous one, offering step-by-step solutions and detailed explanations to reinforce understanding.

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